RESUMO Introdução O balé no gelo é realizado através de vários movimentos com altos atributos artísticos como patinação, movimento de pés, rotação e pulo no gelo. O desenvolvimento da flexibilidade do balé no gelo pode tornar os movimentos mais graciosos e coordenados e melhorar a força muscular. A flexibilidade do atleta pode prevenir acidentes e reduzir lesões. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito da flexibilidade corporal na melhoria das habilidades de movimento do balé no gelo. Métodos Este trabalho seleciona dez atletas de balé no gelo como o objeto de pesquisa. São examinados os indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos dos atletas empregando literatura, experiência e estatísticas de dados. É feita uma investigação sobre o efeito da flexibilidade física sobre o desempenho dos esportes no gelo. Resultados Os atletas exibiram alta flexibilidade, e seus músculos, tendões e ligamentos evidenciaram melhor elasticidade e extensibilidade. Há uma correlação entre a gordura corporal e a flexibilidade nos atletas. Os atletas não exibiram diferença métrica na composição corporal após a competição. Conclusão O treinamento de flexibilidade é significativo para melhorar as habilidades de movimento dos atletas. A concentração no treinamento de flexibilidade no treinamento diário dos atletas permite melhorar a flexibilidade e a extensibilidade de seus músculos, tendões e ligamentos. Há uma correlação entre a gordura corporal e a flexibilidade nos atletas. Os atletas tinham aproximadamente a mesma métrica de composição corporal após a competição. A concentração no treinamento de flexibilidade durante o treinamento diário dos atletas permite melhorar a flexibilidade dos movimentos esportivos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Ice ballet is performed through various movements with high artistic attributes such as skating, foot movement, rotation, and jumping on ice. The development of ice ballet flexibility can make the movements more graceful and coordinated and improve muscle strength. The athlete’s flexibility can prevent accidents and reduce injuries. Objective This study aimed to analyze the effect of body flexibility on improving movement skills in ice ballet. Methods This paper selects ten ice ballet athletes as the object of research. The physiological and biochemical indicators of the athletes are examined by employing literature, experience, and data statistics. An investigation of the effect of physical flexibility on the performance of ice sports is carried out. Results The athletes exhibited high flexibility, and their muscles, tendons, and ligaments evidenced improved elasticity and extensibility. There is a correlation between body fat and flexibility in the athletes. The athletes exhibited no metric difference in body composition after the competition. Conclusion Flexibility training is significant in improving the movement abilities of athletes. Focusing on flexibility training in athletes’ daily training allows them to improve the flexibility and extensibility of their muscles, tendons, and ligaments. There is a correlation between body fat and flexibility in athletes. The athletes had approximately the same body composition metrics after the competition. Focusing on flexibility training during athletes’ daily training allows for improved flexibility in sports movements. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El ballet sobre hielo se realiza a través de varios movimientos con altos atributos artísticos como el patinaje, el movimiento de los pies, la rotación y los saltos sobre el hielo. El desarrollo de la flexibilidad del ballet sobre hielo puede hacer que los movimientos sean más gráciles y coordinados y mejorar la fuerza muscular. La flexibilidad del deportista puede evitar accidentes y reducir las lesiones. Objetivo Este estudio tenía como objetivo analizar el efecto de la flexibilidad corporal en la mejora de las habilidades de movimiento del ballet sobre hielo. Métodos Este trabajo selecciona como objeto de investigación a diez atletas de ballet sobre hielo. Los indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos de los atletas se examinan empleando la literatura, la experiencia y los datos estadísticos. Se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre el efecto de la flexibilidad física en el rendimiento de los deportes sobre hielo. Resultados Los atletas mostraron una gran flexibilidad, y sus músculos, tendones y ligamentos evidenciaron una mayor elasticidad y extensibilidad. Existe una correlación entre la grasa corporal y la flexibilidad en los deportistas. Los atletas no mostraron diferencias métricas en la composición corporal después de la competición. Conclusión El entrenamiento de la flexibilidad es importante para mejorar las habilidades de movimiento de los atletas. Centrarse en el entrenamiento de la flexibilidad en el entrenamiento diario de los deportistas les permite mejorar la flexibilidad y la extensibilidad de sus músculos, tendones y ligamentos. Existe una correlación entre la grasa corporal y la flexibilidad en los deportistas. Los atletas tenían aproximadamente las mismas métricas de composición corporal después de la competición. Centrarse en el entrenamiento de la flexibilidad durante el entrenamiento diario de los deportistas permite mejorar la flexibilidad en los movimientos deportivos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract The AMC-HN-8 cell line and the primary human laryngeal epithelial cell lines were utilized in this work to explore the molecular mechanism of miR-548-3p regulating the gene DAG1 to induce the occurrence and malignant transformation of laryngeal carcinoma. Non-coding RNA miR-548- 3p overexpression plasmid, interference plasmid and blank plasmid were constructed, and the plasmids were transfected into AMC-HN-8 cells, respectively. Meanwhile, a non-transfected plasmid group and a human laryngeal epithelial primary cell group were set up. Five groups of cells were named as NC (Normal control), Model, Ov-miR-548-3p, Sh-miR-548-3p and Blank-plasmid group. The luciferase reporter experiment was used to analyze the regulation characteristics of hsa-miR-548-3p on dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1 (DAG1). Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the relative expression characteristics of the protein DAG1. The cell cloning experiment was used to analyze the proliferation characteristics of AMC-HN-8. The scratch healing test was used to analyze the migration ability of AMC-HN-8. The transwell test was used to analyze the invasion ability of AMC-HN-8. The RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression level of miR-548-3p. Western blot experiments were used to analyze the expression of protein DAG1, laminin α2 (LAMA2) and utrophin (UTRN). The luciferase report experiment and immunofluorescence test found that the expression of DAG1 and miR-548-3p are positively correlated. Cell cloning, scratching and migration experiments identified that the activity of laryngeal cancer cells was positively correlated with the expression of DAG1. The results of Western blot analysis further strengthened the above conclusions. Through carrying out research on the cellular levels, our work has demonstrated that miR-548-3p regulated the content of protein DAG1, and then further induced malignant transformation of laryngeal carcinoma.

Resumen En este trabajo se utilizaron la línea celular AMC-HN-8 y la línea celular epitelial laríngea humana primaria, para explorar el mecanismo molecular regulador del miR-548-3p sobre el gen DAG1 para inducir la aparición y la transformación maligna del carcinoma laríngeo. Se construyeron el plásmido de sobreexpresión de miR-548-3p de ARN no codificante, el plásmido de interferencia y el plásmido en blanco, y los plásmidos se transfectaron en células AMCHN-8 respectivamente. Mientras tanto, se establecieron un grupo de plásmidos no transfectados y un grupo de células primarias epiteliales laríngeas humanas. Se nombraron cinco grupos de células como NC (control normal), modelo, OvmiR-548-3p, Sh-miR-548-3p y grupo de plásmido en blanco. El experimento indicador de luciferasa se utilizó para analizar las características de regulación de hsa-miR-548-3p en la glicoproteína 1 asociada a distrofina (DAG1). Se utilizó inmunofluorescencia para analizar las características de expresión relativa de la proteína DAG1. El experimento de clonación celular se utilizó para analizar las características de proliferación de AMC-HN-8. Se utilizó la prueba de cicatrización por rascado para analizar la capacidad de migración de AMC-HN-8. La prueba de transwell se utilizó para analizar la capacidad de invasión de AMCHN-8. Se utilizó RT-PCR para analizar el nivel de expresión de miR-548-3p. Se usó un experimento de transferencia Western (Western blot) para analizar las expresiones de la proteína DAG1, laminina α2 (LAMA2) y utrofina (UTRN). El experimento de reporte de luciferasa y la prueba de inmunofluorescencia encontraron que la expresión de DAG1 y miR-548-3p están positivamente correlacionadas. Los experimentos de clonación celular, rascado y migración, identificaron que la actividad de las células cancerosas de laringe se correlacionó positivamente con la expresión de DAG1. Los resultados del análisis de transferencia Western fortalecieron aún más las conclusiones anteriores. A través de la investigación a nivel celular, nuestro proyecto ha demostrado que miR-548-3p regula el contenido de la proteína DAG1 y luego induce la transformación maligna del carcinoma de laringe.

Abstract Using the Separate Hopkinson Pressure Bar test device, a series of dynamic impact tests were carried out on the single coal and white sandstone near the incident bar. When the stress wave propagates in a complex with different wave impedance matching effects, its dynamic mechanical properties change, energy dissipation law and damage characteristics are studied. The research results show that: (1) With the increase of impact velocity, the peak stress and DIF of layered composite coal-rock increase linearly. At the same speed, when the stress wave changes from hard to soft, the peak stress and DIF are larger than the stress wave from soft to hard. (2) The dissipated energy density of layered composite coal-rock increases in a quadratic function with the increase of the incident energy density, and the composite body with better wave impedance matching effect has a higher dissipated energy density. (3) The fractal dimension and the degree of fracture of layered composite coal-rock increase with the increase of the speed. The white sandstone component is mostly shear failure, and the coal component is mostly crushed.

ABSTRACT A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six bioactive constituents including vitexin, orientin, isoorientin, 2"-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl isoorientin, 2"-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl isovitexin, and 6-C-L-α-arabipyranosyl vitexin in rats’ various tissues using isoquercitrin as the internal standard. Biological samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid. All analytes and internal standard were quantitated through electrospray ionization in negative ion selected reaction monitoring mode. The mass transitions were as follows: m/z 431 → 311 for vitexin, m/z 447 → 327 for orientin or isoorientin, m/z 579 → 459 for 2"-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl isoorientin, m/z 563 → 293 for 2"-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl isovitexin, m/z 563 → 353 for 6-C-L-α-arabipyranosyl vitexin, and m/z 463 → 300 for the internal standard, respectively. The lower limits of quantification for the six analytes in different tissue homogenates were 0.8–2.2 ng/ml. The validated assay was successfully applied to a tissue distribution study of the six components in rats after intravenous administration of total flavonoids of Scorzonera austriaca Willd; Asteraceae. The results of the tissue distribution study showed that the high concentrations of six components were mainly in the kidney.

A series of HPW/Zn-Ti layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared by immobilizing phosphotungstic acid (HPW) on the Zn-Ti LDHs. Systematically characterizations were performed to elucidate their structure. These HPW/Zn-Ti LDHs hybrids were used as heterogeneous catalysts in the epoxidation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) with H2O2. The HPW/Zn-Ti LDHs showed higher activity than bulk HPW and Zn-Ti LDHs. The conversion of FAMEs and the selectivity to epoxy fatty acid methyl ester (EFAME) were up to 90.6 and 86.0%, respectively. (PO4[WO2(O2)]4)3- was presumed to be the active site for the epoxidation in this work. The formed oxygen-donating intermediate Ti-OOH transferred oxygen free radicals to (PO4[WO2(O2)]4)3- in the catalytic process, accelerating the transfer of oxygen free radicals. Therefore, high catalytic activity of HPW/Zn-Ti LDHs is related to the potential synergistic interactions of Ti-OOH and PW anions.

RESUMEN El fracturamiento o explosión de rocas es uno de los principales problemas en ingeniería geológica que amenaza significativamente la seguridad de una construcción. La predicción del fracturamiento de rocas es importante para la seguridad de los trabajadores y el equipamiento en túneles. En este artículo se propone un nuevo modelo de predicción de fracturamiento de rocas basado en una red neuronal probabilística (PNN por sus siglas en inglés) para determinar la posible ocurrencia e intensidad de uno de estos eventos en proyectos subterráneos. La PNN se desarrolló con base en un criterio Bayesiano para la clasificación multivariada de patrones. Debido a que la PNN tiene las ventajas de una menor complejidad de adiestramiento, estabilidad, rápida convergencia y simplicidad en su construcción, se puede adecuar en la predicción del fracturamiento de rocas. Algunos factores principales de control, como la fuerza máxima tangencial de rocas, la resistencia de compresión uniaxial, la fuerza de tensión uniaxial, y el índice de energía elástica de las rocas fueron escogidos como los vectores característicos de la PNN. El modelo se obtuvo a través del adiestramiento de datos sobre fracturamiento de rocas en proyectos subterráneos en diferentes localidades. Otras datos también se analizaron con el modelo. Los resultados de la evaluación se ajustan a los registros observados. Simultáneamente, se utilizaron dos aplicaciones prácticas para verificar el método propuesto. Los resultados de la predicción son similares a los de métodos existentes, un factor que además se presentó en las pruebas de campo, lo que demuestra la efectividad y la aplicabilidad de la metodología propuesta.

ABSTRACT Rock burst is one of main engineering geological problems greatly threatening the safety of construction. Prediction of rock burst is always an important issue concerning the safety of workers and equipments in tunnels. In this paper, a novel PNN-based rock burst prediction model is proposed to determine whether rock burst will happen in the underground rock projects and how much the intensity of rock burst is. The probabilistic neural network (PNN) is developed based on Bayesian criteria of multivariate pattern classification. Because PNN has the advantages of low training complexity, high stability, quick convergence, and simple construction, it can be well applied in the prediction of rock burst. Some main control factors, such as rocks' maximum tangential stress, rocks' uniaxial compressive strength , rocks' uniaxial tensile strength and elastic energy index of rock are chosen as the characteristic vector of PNN. PNN model is obtained through training data sets of rock burst samples which come from underground rock project in domestic and abroad. Other samples are tested with the model. The testing results agree with the practical records. At the same time, two real-world applications are used to verify the proposed method. The results of prediction are same as the results of existing methods, just same as what happened in the scene, which verifies the effectiveness and applicability of our proposed work.

The hot deformation behaviours of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru alloy were investigated by isothermal hot compression tests in the temperature range of 1023-1423 K and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1. The β transus was determined to be 1198 K by continuous heating method. The values of deformation activation energy Q at the strain of 0.3 were calculated to be 630.01 kJ/mol in dual-phase field and 331.75 kJ/mol in β-phase field. Moreover, the processing maps at the strain of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 were developed based on dynamic materials model (DMM). To deeply understand the microstructure evolution mechanism during hot deformation processes and to verify the processing maps, the microstructures at different deformation conditions were observed. The stable microstructures (i.e. globularization, dynamic recovery (DRV) and β dynamic recrystallization (β-DRX)) and instable microstructures (i.e. lamellae kinking and flow localization) were obtained. To make it useful in the design of industrial hot working schedules for this material, a microstructural mechanism map was constructed on the basis of processing maps and microstructure observation. Deformation conditions in the vicinity of 1150 K & 0.01 s-1 where globularization occurs and in the vicinity of 1323 K & 0.01 s-1 where β-DRX occurs are recommended.